Machine for making paper



2 Sheets-Sheet 1. J. B. MQNAMAR.

MACHINE FOR MAKING PAPER.

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J. B. MoNAMAR.

MACHINE FOR MAKING PAPER. No. 424,342. Patented Mar. 25, 1890.

WITNESSES ICE VENEER: M JAMES B. Ml: NAMAR,

IEY C arzkn/ AT'II N. PKIERS. Pholo-ulhogmphnr. WJQIIIIIEKDH D. C.

UN rrnn STATES ATENT Orricn.

JAMES B. MCNAMAR, OF NORTH BENNINGTON, VERMONT.

MACHINE FOR MAKING PAPER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 42%,342, dated March25, 1890. Application filed October 14, 1889. Serial No. 326,984. (Nomodel.)

T0 whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J AMEs l3. MONAMAR, of the village of NorthBennington, in the county of Bennington and State of Vermont, have madecertain new and useful Improvements in Machines for Making Paper, ofwhich the following description, taken in connection with theaccompanying drawings, constitutes a specification.

The improvements which constitute the subjectnnatter of this patentrelate to the construction of cylinder-vats in cylinder-machines formaking paper, and to specific de vices used in connection therewith formore perfectly and homogeneously mixing the pulp in the current justbefore and at the moment it is delivered to the molds, and to means foreifecting a more perfect felting or interlacing of the fiber during itsdeposition on the surface of the mold.

The invention'is fully disclosed in the drawings, wherein a verticallongitudinal section through the screen and cylinder-vats of a cylinderpaper-machine is shown in elevation in Figure 1. Fig. 2 shows a plan ofthe machine. Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse section of the machine,taken on the line 1 2 of Fig. 1; and Fig. at is a vertical longitudinalsection through the regulator, taken on the line 3 4 of Fig. 1. In Figs.2 and 3 the couch-rolls are not shown.

The objects sought to be obtained by the use of these improvements areto deliver to each cylinder of a paper-machine in which more than onecylinder is employed a separate and independent current of pulp, to somix and dilute the pulp that the highest attainable degree ofhomogeneity shall be obtained, and to so agitate and direct thesecurrents that thefiber shall be laid and felted in the most promiscuousand homogeneous manner.

These improvements are shown as applied to a machine in which twocylinders are employed; but by an appropriate modification andadjustment of parts the same may be adapted to any number of cylinders.The cylinder-vat is shown at A a, and is equipped with two cylinders Vand V. The screen K is attached and is agitated in the usual way.Beneath the screen is the reservoir L, which receives the strained pulpfrom the screen.

A regulator O is placed in the bottom of the vat just in front of thedam M, over which the pulp passes in the form of a cascade, throughwhich the water is forced that is used to dilute the pulp. Nextin frontof the regulator is the gate Q, which is vertically adjustable. Underthis gate the whole body of pulp which supplies the cylinders passes.Just ahead of the gate, deflector R is placed, against which the currentimpinges in its passage to the cylinders and takes an upward turn. Hereit rises in the channel-way S to the desired level, (indicated by thedotted line.) and a part of it flows over the top edge of the falsebottom T and passes under the bottom of the cylinder-mold V, and thencethe surplus or overflow passes over the back side of the bottom T intothe trough X, and thence out through the outlet Z of the adjustable gateY, Fig. 2, through the sluiceway 7c and aperture ct to thereceiving-reservoir E, whence it is carried by the fan'pump F throughpipe G and trough H around to the apron J, and thence onto the screen K.The branch of the current not escaping through the channel U passes overthe top of the deflector R, and thence under the false bottom T to thethroatway S, where it flows over the top of the front edge of the secondfalse bottom T into the channel U, where it reaches the mold inprecisely the same Way as the first part did in passing through thechannel U. Here the second sheet is formed as in ordinary machines. Theoverflow from this cylinder passes over the back edge of the falsebottom into the trough X, out through the outlet Z, pipe Z, Fig. 2, tothe receiver E, and thence through the pump F, by the route beforedescribed, to the screen again. i

As a means for setting up a transverse current in the pulp on the backside of the cyll]1d61,l11 addition to the devices just described, theends of the cylinders opposite to the discharge end of the troughs X andX are closed, and the pulp which passes over the front edge of falsebottoms T and T can flow freely around the closed end and enter thetroughs X and X. in the troughs across the vat and adjacent to thecylinder is produced, the action of which sets up an induced current inthe channels By this means a positive current U and U, whereby thetendency to lay the fiber longitudinally on the surface of the eylindersis largely frustrated.

The pulp to supply the machine is forced from the stuff-chest throughthe pipe A into the box 13. The surplus, if any, flows over the top ofthe escapepipe C, and passes back to the stuff-chest. From the box B itdescends to the reservoir E, whence it is taken up by the fan-pump F andforced through the tube G into the troughs ll and J, which deliver it tothe screen.

The pump F is used to supply the regulator 0 with water, and is speededto throw a forcible jet into the same. The structure and manner ofworking of this regulator can be deduced from an inspection of Fig. 4:.It consists of a box or tube which extends across the whole width of thevat, as seen in Fig. 1, divided longitudinally into three chambers, oneabove the other. The pulp is injected through the pipe N into the bottomchamber a, whence it passes through the perforated partition 1) into thechamber next above. Here the pulp impinges against the deflector d, andis thrown against the back side of the box and passes through alongitudinal space between the edge of the deflector and the side of thebox, as seen in Fig. 1. From the upper chamber it passes through theholes f f f in the top of the box, and the holes 77, 7t h in the slidingcover of the box out in to the vat. This sliding cover I designate as anequalizinggate, and through the perforations therein water jets areviolently forced upwardly, which encounter the downpour of pulp from thedam M, and the collision of these two opposing currents effects a mostcomplete mixture of the water with the pulp, so that it is in its mostperfect condition to go to the cylinders.

To effect perfect lateral regulation of the current, so as to secure aneven distribution of the pulp to both ends of the cylinders alike, thesliding cover of the regulator g has its holes h h h bored at a slightlygreater or less distance apart than the holes in the top of the boxbeneath it, so that the two sets of holes are never in exact opposition.By this means of differentiation it becomes possible to throw a greateror less quantity of material to one or the other side of the machine,according as the holes at one or the other end of the regulator arefully opened. This can be effected by simply turning the hand-wheel j,the hub of which is a nut and runs on the screw-stem 2', attached to thesliding COVOI g of the regulator.

The construction and arrangement of the gate Q, deflector R, and falsebottom T operate to cause the pulp to be impelled toward and against thecylinder in a direction perpendicular to its surface while in acondition of general agitation, the effect of which is to lay the fiberin promiscuous directions at the moment of its first deposit. As itpasses under and around the cylinder through the channel U, it is in themost favorable condition possible on a cylinder-machine to depositevenly on the surface of the mold; but as the pulp begins to rise on theback side of the cylinder an influence is brought to bear on the currentwhereby it is induced to take a transverse diagonal direction across thecylinder, which diagonal trend of the current has the effect of layingthe fibers last adhering to the mold in a transverse direction, asshown-on the surface of the cylinder in Fig. 3. The means employed toset up this induced current consist of the false bottoms T and T,troughs X and X, and overflowgates Y and Y. It will be observed that thegates Y and Y are made with along opening in their upper halves and arefitted to slide in vertical ways, while the troughs X and X are open attheir discharge ends from top to bottom, thus forming an opening as deepas the openings in the gates. WVhen the gates Y and Y are pulled up totheir highest limit, the outlet to the troughs will be closed; but whenthe gates are shoved down, so that the bottom of the opening in the gatecomes below the top of the opening in the end of the trough an aperturewill be made, through which the surplus overflow from the cylinder canescape. By having a considerable depth of water or pulp at the bottom ofthe trough the superficial current set up moves off easily,

and the tractile force which it exerts causes an induced current tomanifest itself, the influence of which retroacts upon the body of pulpin the channels U and U. This result is due to the establishment of atransverse current on the surface of the body of pulp in thedischarge-troughs X and X, at a plane above the top edge of the backside of the false bottoms of the cylinders T and T. If the gates Y and Ybe shoved down so that the surface of the discharge-current in thetroughs falls below the top edge of the back of the false bottoms, thusleaving the overflow-pul p to pass from the channels U and U in acascade or waterfall over the back of the false bottom, the current willtake a direction parallel With the axis of the machine, and thedia-gonally-transverse lay of the fiber in the sheet will be lost.

WVhere more than one cylinder is employed in a machine the gates Y and Ymay be arranged on alternately opposite' sides of the machine, so thatthe surface currents in the troughs shall run in opposite directions.15y such an arrangement the diagonal lay of the fiber on each successivecylinder will be transverse to that on the one immediately preceding it.In this way a most perfect interlacing of fiber in the sheet can beobtained. As a means for attaining such a result, I have shown in Fig. 2a gate at both ends of the trough in rearof cylinderV. This conductordischarges through the pipe Z, Fig. 1, into the pipe Z. (Seen in Fig.2.)

As the overflow of pulp from each cylinder varies in making differentkinds of papers,it

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is obvious that provision should be made for enlarging or diminishingthe outlet at the gates Without interfering with the maintenance of theproper level of the current in the troughs. This is accomplished by thepeculiar construction of the gate-opening in relation to the openingfrom the trough. As before stated, when the gate is pulled up the outletis closed, and in depressing it the first opening is made at the top ofthe outlet-opening instead of at the bottom, as the case would be with agate of ordinary construction. By this arrangement the hole can beenlarged at the bottom to increase its capacity Without disturbing thelevel of the current.

For the purpose of maintaining the proper level of the pulp in ,the vat,the reservoir q, Fig. 2, is provided, in Which is a float r connectedwith lever s and waste-valve u. The reservoir (1 opens into the main vatby means of the aperture 0', Fig. 1, so that the pulp in the vat andfloat-reservoir at all times maintains the same level.

Each of the cylinders is provided with a blanket WV, which extendsacross the whole length of the cylinder and hangs low enough to dip intothe pulp a short distance. It drags on the surface of the cylinder forthe purpose of breaking any bubbles or removing any adhering particlesWhich may cling to the surface of the cylinder on its upper side afterit emerges from the pulp, and also for the purpose of keeping back thefroth on the front side of the cylinder.

From the foregoing it will be seen that by this system each cylinder issupplied with a separate and independent current of pulp, and that inits passage over the surface of the molds a transverse diagonalmovementis imparted to it, and that such current may be diverted toeither side of the machine, so

that the fiber can be laid on different molds in opposite diagonaldirections. In the machine illustrated, the diagonal fiber laid in theformation of the sheet on the first cylinder will come in the center ofthe finished sheet, While that laid in the formation of the sheet on therear cylinder will come on the surface of the sheet.

I therefore claim as my invention and desire to secure by LettersPatent 1. A regulator for controlling, equalizing, and distributing thesupply of pulp to the cylinder-molds of a paper-making machine,consisting of a tube having an inlet-port for the admission of wastewater or pulp and a series of outlet-ports for its escape,in combinationwith a gate adapted to slide over said tube, provided with ports similarin number and form to those of the tube, but differentially spaced, sothat when the gate is adjusted to fully open the outlet-ports at one endof the tube the ports at the other end will be partially closed,substantially as described, and for the purposes set forth.

2. A regulator for regulating, controlling, equalizing, and distributingthe supply of pulp to the cylinder-molds of apaper-inaking machine,consisting of a tube having an inletport for the admission of wasteWater or pulp divided by a longitudinal perforated diaphragm andprovidedwith a series of outletports for the escape of the pulp, in combinationwith a gate adapted to slide over said tube provided with ports similarin number and form to those of the tube, but differentially spaced, so.that when the gate is adjusted to fully open the outlet-ports at one endof the tube the ports at the other end will be partially closed,substantially as described, and for the purposes set forth.

3. A regulator for controlling, equalizing, and distributing the supplyof pulp to the cylinder-molds of a paper-making machine, consisting of achamber having an inlet-port for the admission of the pulp or wastewater, a longitudinal perforated diaphragm located above saidinlet-port, a longitudinal deflecting ledge or bar located above theperforated diaphragm and in the path of the current from theperforations therein, and a series of outlet-ports for the escape of thepulp, in combination with a gate adapted to slide over said chamber andprovided with ports similar in number and'form to those of the chamber,but differentially spaced, so that when the gate is adjusted to fullyopen the outlet-ports at one end of the chamber the ports at the otherend will be partially closed, substantially as described, and for thepurposes specified.

4. The eombination,'in a paper-making ma chine, of a reservoirimmediately beneath the pulp-screen with a sliding current-equalizinggate for regulating either water or pulp supply located in front of andbeneath the current from the reservoir, said equalizing-gate beingconnected with the water or pulp supply tube and fitted with a series ofperforations which are adapted to co-operate With a like series ofperforations in the supply-tube, but differentially spaced,substantially as shown, and so placed as to throw a series of verticaljets of Water or pulp against the under side of the inflowing currentfrom the reservoir, whereby the water and pulp become thoroughly mixed,substantially as described and set forth.

5. The combination, in a paper-makingmachine, of a reservoir beneath thepulp-screen,

a water or pulp supply chamber having a series of outlet-perforationsand provided with a differentially-perforated regulating-gate locatedbeneath the influx-current from the res ervoir, and avertically-adjustable partitiongate extending across the vat between theregulating-gate and the paper-cylinder, when arranged to operatesubstantially in the main ner described, and for the purposes set forth.

6. The combination,in the order named, in a paper=making machine, of areservoir-beneath the pulp-screen, a water or pulp supply chamber havinga series of outlet-perforations and provided with adifferentially-perforated regulating-gate located beneath the influxcurrent from the reservoir, and a trans verse deflectorlocated betweenthe partitiongate and the cylinder,\vhen arranged to operatesubstantially as describ'edfand for the purposes set forth.

.7. The combination, in the cylinder-vat of a papcr-makin g machine, ofa vertically-ad j u stable partition-gate under which the current fromthe screen-reservoir passes, and a transverse deflector adjusted in thebottom of the vat immediately in front of the opening under the bottomof the partition-gate for giving to the current an upward turn as itapproaches the cylinder, substantially as specified.

8. The combination, in the vat of a papermaking machine, of asemi-tubular false bottom arranged beneath the cylinder so as to leave achannel-spacebetween it and the surface of the cylinder for the passageof the pulp, having its upper edge on the discharge side a little lowerthan the normal level of the pulp in the vat when in its Workingcondition, a transverse trough or sluiccway extending across the vatadjacent to the discharge side of said false bottom, and provided at oneend with a discharge-gate adapted to effect the discharge of theoverflow pulp at the normal working-level of the pulp in the vat as itcomes from the channel under the cylinder, substantially as specified.

9. The combination, with the cylinders in the vat of a cylinderpaper-machine, of a semi-tubular false bottom under the cylinder, atransverse trough extending across the vat adjacent to the dischargeside of said false bottom and having an outlet through the side of thevat at one end thereof on a level with the normal working-level of thepulp in the vat, and a blanket hung below the coucherroll, so as to wipethe surface of the cylinder and dip into the pulp a short distance toexclude froth, substantially as described and set forth.

10. The combination, with the cylinders in the vat of a cylinderpaper-machine, of a semi-tubular false bottom under the cylinder, atransverse trough extending across the vat adjacent to the dischargeside of said false bottom and having provisions, substantially asdescribed, at each end of said trough for carrying off the overflow fromthe channel beneath the cylinder at a level coincident with the normalworking-level of the pulp in the vat, substantially as specified.

11. The combination, in the vat of a papermaking machine in which morethan one cylinder-mold is used, of a semi-tubular false bottom undereach cylinder, between which and the cylinder a current of pulp iscarried to the same, said bottom having that edge over which the surpluspulp escapes a little below the normal working-level of the pulp in thevat, a deep trough adjacent to the overtlow edge of each such bottom,having a discharge-outlet through one side of the Vat substantially on alevel with the normal level of the pulp in the vat, subject to thecontrol of a regulating-gate, said outlets being alternately disposed onopposite sides of the vat, substantially as described, and for thepurposes set forth.

12. A cylinder-vat in a paper-making machine provided with two or morecylinders, each of which is provided with a false bottom of thecharacter described and an overflow-trough having an outlet at either orboth its ends, in combination with provisions, substatially asdescribed, for supplying a separate and in dependent current of pulp toeach cylinder, in the manner described, and for the purposes set forth.

13. The combination, in acylinder-vat in a paper-making machine, of acylinder closed at one end, but leaving free space between such closedend and the wall of the vat for the passage of a current of pulp, with asemitubular false bottom beneath such cylinder JAMES B. lWlONAMAR.

In presence of JFRANKLIN SooTT,

MERRIT O. HOLT.

